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Grammar B2 · Bab 5 dari 14

Modal Perfect: Should Have, Could Have, Needn't Have, Would Have

Modal perfect (modal + have + verb 3) dipakai untuk menilai atau mengomentari kejadian masa lalu: apa yang seharusnya, sebenarnya bisa, atau sebenarnya tidak perlu dilakukan.

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Suara:

Rumus

Penyesalan / kritik
should have / shouldn't have + verb 3
I should have studied harder.
Kesempatan terlewat
could have + verb 3
You could have told me!
Tidak perlu (tapi dilakukan)
needn't have + verb 3
You needn't have bought flowers.

Penjelasan

  • should have = seharusnya (tetapi tidak dilakukan): We should have left earlier. shouldn't have = seharusnya tidak (tetapi dilakukan): I shouldn't have eaten so much.
  • could have = sebenarnya bisa (tetapi tidak dilakukan): She could have won, but she gave up. Juga untuk kemungkinan lampau: The keys could have fallen out of your bag.
  • needn't have + V3 = melakukan sesuatu yang ternyata tidak perlu: I needn't have worried (aku khawatir, ternyata tidak perlu).
  • didn't need to + V1 = tidak perlu, dan biasanya tidak dilakukan: I didn't need to bring my passport, so I left it at home.
  • would have = akan (seandainya): I would have called you, but my phone died.
  • was/were supposed to = seharusnya (menurut rencana/aturan): The bus was supposed to arrive at 8.

Tabel ringkas

BentukArtiContoh
should have + V3seharusnya (tidak dilakukan)I should have booked earlier.
shouldn't have + V3seharusnya tidak (dilakukan)You shouldn't have said that.
could have + V3sebenarnya bisaWe could have taken a taxi.
needn't have + V3dilakukan, ternyata tidak perluI needn't have cooked so much.
didn't need to + V1tidak perlu (biasanya tidak dilakukan)I didn't need to pay.
would have + V3akan (seandainya)I would have helped.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

I should have checked the deadline more carefully.
Seharusnya aku memeriksa tenggatnya lebih teliti.
You shouldn't have shouted at him.
Seharusnya kamu tidak membentaknya.
We could have won the debate if we had prepared more.
Kami sebenarnya bisa memenangkan debat itu kalau persiapannya lebih matang.
I needn't have taken a taxi. The station was very close.
Ternyata aku tidak perlu naik taksi. Stasiunnya dekat sekali.
She was supposed to submit the form yesterday.
Seharusnya dia mengirim formulirnya kemarin.
I would have come to your party, but I was sick.
Aku pasti datang ke pestamu, tapi aku sakit.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

I should have went.I should have gone.Modal perfect memakai verb 3.
You should of called me.You should have called me.Should've ditulis should have, bukan should of.
I needn't have to worry.I needn't have worried.Needn't have + verb 3.
I must have studied harder (penyesalan).I should have studied harder.Penyesalan memakai should have, bukan must have (kesimpulan).

Tips dari Kapi: Saat refleksi di esai atau wawancara, kombinasikan dengan pelajaran yang didapat: Looking back, I should have asked for help sooner. Now I know that…

Kuis Bab 5: Modal perfect (should have)

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apa bedanya should have dan must have?

Should have = seharusnya (penyesalan/kritik). Must have = pasti telah (kesimpulan). I should have locked the door vs Someone must have opened the door.

Apakah needn't have umum dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika?

Lebih umum di British English. Penutur Amerika sering memakai didn't have to atau didn't need to untuk kedua makna.

Bab 4: Participle clausesLanjut Bab 6: It is said that…

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