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Grammar B2 · Bab 4 dari 14

Participle Clauses: Kalimat Ringkas dengan -ing, -ed, dan Having

Participle clause meringkas anak kalimat menjadi lebih padat dan formal. Dua kalimat panjang bisa digabung menjadi satu yang lebih elegan.

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Rumus

-ing (aktif)
Verb-ing …, subjek + kalimat utama
Walking home, I saw an accident.
V3 (pasif)
Verb 3 …, subjek + kalimat utama
Built in 1920, the building is now a museum.
Having + V3
Having + verb 3 …, subjek + kalimat utama
Having finished my work, I went home.

Penjelasan

  • -ing untuk tindakan aktif yang terjadi bersamaan atau sebagai sebab: Feeling tired, she went to bed early (= Because she felt tired…).
  • Verb 3 untuk makna pasif: Written in simple English, the book is easy to read (= Because it is written…).
  • Having + verb 3 untuk tindakan yang selesai lebih dulu: Having lived abroad, he understands different cultures.
  • Syarat penting: subjek participle clause harus sama dengan subjek kalimat utama. Walking to campus, the rain started salah, karena hujan tidak berjalan (dangling participle).
  • Bisa juga mengganti relative clause: Students wishing to apply (= who wish to apply) must register. · The data collected (= which were collected) in 2025 show…

Tabel ringkas

Kalimat panjangParticiple clause
As I was walking home, I saw Dina.Walking home, I saw Dina.
Because she didn't know the way, she asked for help.Not knowing the way, she asked for help.
After I had finished, I left.Having finished, I left.
The car, which was made in Japan, is reliable.Made in Japan, the car is reliable.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

Having graduated with honours, she received several job offers.
Setelah lulus dengan predikat cum laude, dia menerima beberapa tawaran kerja.
Not knowing what to say, I just smiled.
Karena tidak tahu harus berkata apa, aku hanya tersenyum.
Located in the city centre, the hotel is convenient for tourists.
Berlokasi di pusat kota, hotel itu praktis bagi turis.
Students wishing to join the programme must submit an essay.
Mahasiswa yang ingin bergabung dengan program ini wajib mengirim esai.
The results, published last week, surprised many experts.
Hasilnya, yang diterbitkan minggu lalu, mengejutkan banyak ahli.
Looking out of the window, I noticed it had started to snow.
Sambil melihat ke luar jendela, aku menyadari salju mulai turun.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

Walking to campus, the rain started.Walking to campus, I got caught in the rain.Subjek harus sama (dangling participle).
Finished the report, I sent it.Having finished the report, I sent it.Tindakan selesai lebih dulu: having + V3.
Writing in 1950, the book is still popular.Written in 1950, the book is still popular.Buku ditulis (pasif): pakai V3.

Tips dari Kapi: Gunakan participle clause untuk membuka paragraf esai: Having considered both sides of the argument, I believe that…

Kuis Bab 4: Participle clauses

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apakah participle clause formal?

Cenderung formal dan sering muncul dalam tulisan, berita, dan esai. Dalam percakapan, kalimat lengkap dengan because, when, after lebih umum.

Apa itu dangling participle?

Kesalahan saat subjek participle clause tidak sama dengan subjek kalimat utama, sehingga artinya lucu atau tidak logis: Running for the bus, my bag fell (tas tidak berlari).

Bab 3: Cleft sentencesLanjut Bab 5: Modal perfect (should have)

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