Cohort Englishby Bureau of Cohort Gabung Komunitas
Grammar B1 · Bab 6 dari 16

Third Conditional dan Wish: Penyesalan tentang Masa Lalu

Third conditional dipakai untuk membayangkan masa lalu yang berbeda, sering untuk menyatakan penyesalan. Pola wish juga dipakai untuk mengungkapkan keinginan yang tidak nyata.

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Suara:

Rumus

Third conditional
If + had + verb 3, would have + verb 3
If I had studied, I would have passed.
Wish (sekarang)
I wish + past simple
I wish I had more time.
Wish (masa lalu)
I wish + had + verb 3
I wish I had listened to you.

Penjelasan

  • Third conditional membicarakan masa lalu yang sudah tidak bisa diubah: If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn't have missed the bus (kenyataannya aku bangun telat dan ketinggalan bus).
  • Singkatan dalam percakapan: If I'd known, I would've told you. Ingat: would've = would have, bukan “would of”.
  • Bisa memakai could have / might have: If we had left earlier, we could have caught the train.
  • I wish + past simple = keinginan tentang sekarang yang tidak nyata: I wish I lived closer to campus.
  • I wish + had + verb 3 = penyesalan masa lalu: I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
  • If only sama dengan I wish tetapi lebih kuat: If only I had known!

Tabel ringkas

PolaWaktuContoh
If + past, would + verb 1sekarang/masa depan (tidak nyata)If I had time, I'd help.
If + had + V3, would have + V3masa lalu (tidak terjadi)If I'd had time, I'd have helped.
wish + pastkeinginan sekarangI wish I had a car.
wish + had + V3penyesalan masa laluI wish I'd bought it.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

If I had known about the deadline, I would have applied.
Kalau aku tahu tenggatnya, aku pasti sudah mendaftar.
If she hadn't missed the flight, she would have been at the wedding.
Kalau dia tidak ketinggalan pesawat, dia pasti datang ke pernikahan itu.
We could have won if we had played better.
Kami bisa saja menang kalau kami bermain lebih baik.
I wish I spoke English fluently.
Andai aku bisa berbahasa Inggris dengan lancar.
I wish I hadn't said that.
Andai aku tidak mengatakan itu.
If only I had started learning earlier!
Andai saja aku mulai belajar lebih awal!

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

If I would have known, I would have come.If I had known, I would have come.If-clause memakai had + verb 3.
If I had studied, I would passed.If I had studied, I would have passed.Main clause memakai would have + verb 3.
I would of helped you.I would have helped you.Would've terdengar seperti “would of”, tetapi tulisannya would have.
I wish I have a car.I wish I had a car.Wish untuk sekarang memakai past simple.

Tips dari Kapi: Third conditional cocok untuk refleksi di motivation letter, misalnya: If I had not joined that volunteer program, I would never have discovered my passion for education.

Kuis Bab 6: Third conditional & wish

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apa itu mixed conditional?

Gabungan tipe 2 dan 3, misalnya masa lalu yang memengaruhi sekarang: If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. Ini dibahas lebih dalam di level B2.

Kenapa I wish I were, bukan I wish I was?

Sama seperti second conditional: were adalah bentuk formal untuk semua subjek. Was juga umum dalam percakapan santai.

Bab 5: Second conditionalLanjut Bab 7: Passive voice

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