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Grammar B1 · Bab 7 dari 16

Passive Voice: Rumus Kalimat Pasif di Semua Tense

Kalimat pasif dipakai saat yang penting adalah apa yang terjadi atau siapa yang dikenai, bukan siapa pelakunya. Ini sangat umum di bahasa akademik dan berita.

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Suara:

Rumus

Rumus dasar
Objek + be (sesuai tense) + verb 3 (+ by …)
The book was written by Pramoedya.
Present
am/is/are + verb 3
English is spoken in many countries.
Modal
can/must/should be + verb 3
The form must be signed.

Penjelasan

  • Ubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif: objek pindah ke depan, kata kerja menjadi be + verb 3, dan pelaku (jika perlu) disebut setelah by.
  • Bentuk be mengikuti tense kalimat aslinya: is made, was made, has been made, will be made, is being made.
  • Pelaku tidak disebut jika tidak penting, tidak diketahui, atau sudah jelas: My bike was stolen. Rice is grown in Java.
  • Kalimat pasif umum dalam bahasa akademik dan laporan: The data were collected from 200 respondents.
  • Hanya kata kerja yang punya objek (transitif) yang bisa dipasifkan. The accident happened tidak bisa menjadi was happened.

Tabel ringkas

TenseAktifPasif
Simple presentThey clean the room.The room is cleaned.
Present continuousThey are cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned.
Simple pastThey cleaned the room.The room was cleaned.
Present perfectThey have cleaned the room.The room has been cleaned.
FutureThey will clean the room.The room will be cleaned.
ModalThey must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

Indonesian is spoken by more than 270 million people.
Bahasa Indonesia digunakan oleh lebih dari 270 juta orang.
The Borobudur Temple was built in the 9th century.
Candi Borobudur dibangun pada abad ke-9.
The results will be announced next week.
Hasilnya akan diumumkan minggu depan.
Your application has been received.
Lamaranmu sudah diterima.
The road is being repaired, so take another route.
Jalannya sedang diperbaiki, jadi ambil jalan lain.
All documents must be submitted before 30 November.
Semua dokumen harus dikirim sebelum 30 November.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

The house was build in 1990.The house was built in 1990.Pasif memakai verb 3.
The email sent yesterday.The email was sent yesterday.Jangan lupa be.
The accident was happened at night.The accident happened at night.Happen tidak bisa dipasifkan.
The letters is delivered every day.The letters are delivered every day.Be mengikuti subjek baru (letters jamak).

Tips dari Kapi: Saat menulis esai akademik, pasif membantu terdengar objektif: It is widely believed that… dan It has been argued that…

Kuis Bab 7: Passive voice

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Kapan sebaiknya memakai pasif?

Saat pelakunya tidak diketahui, tidak penting, atau ingin terdengar objektif (laporan, berita, tulisan ilmiah). Dalam percakapan dan cerita, kalimat aktif biasanya lebih jelas.

Apa itu get passive?

Dalam percakapan, get kadang menggantikan be, terutama untuk kejadian tak terduga: He got fired. My phone got broken.

Bab 6: Third conditional & wishLanjut Bab 8: Reported speech

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