Grammar B1 · Bab 8 dari 16

Reported Speech: Kalimat Tidak Langsung (Said, Told, Asked)

Q: Apakah tense selalu harus mundur?

Tidak selalu. Jika verba pelaporannya present (She says…) atau informasinya masih benar, tense boleh tetap. Untuk ujian, backshift adalah pilihan yang paling aman.

Q: Apa bedanya if dan whether?

Dalam reported question, keduanya sama. Whether sedikit lebih formal dan wajib dipakai sebelum or not di awal: She asked whether or not I was coming.

Reported speech dipakai untuk menyampaikan ucapan orang lain tanpa mengutipnya kata per kata. Biasanya tense-nya mundur satu langkah ke masa lalu.

Suara:

Rumus

Pernyataan

He said (that) + kalimat (tense mundur)

“I'm tired.” → She said she was tired.

Pertanyaan

She asked if/whether … · asked + WH + subjek + verb

She asked where I lived.

Perintah

He told me (not) to + verb 1

He told me to sit down.

Penjelasan

Backshift (tense mundur): present → past, past → past perfect, present perfect → past perfect, will → would, can → could, must → had to.
Jika yang dilaporkan masih benar sekarang, tense boleh tidak diubah: She said she lives in Bandung (masih tinggal di sana).
say tanpa objek orang: He said that…. tell wajib dengan objek orang: He told me that…
Pertanyaan yes/no memakai if/whether. Pertanyaan WH memakai kata tanya. Keduanya memakai susunan kalimat biasa (tanpa do/does dan tanpa tanda tanya): She asked where I lived, bukan where did I live.
Keterangan juga berubah: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, yesterday → the day before, here → there, this → that.

Tabel ringkas

Kalimat langsung	Reported speech
“I am busy.”	She said she was busy.
“I saw the film.”	He said he had seen the film.
“I have finished.”	She said she had finished.
“I will call you.”	He said he would call me.
“I can swim.”	She said she could swim.
“Are you OK?”	He asked if I was OK.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

She said she was going to apply for the scholarship.

Dia bilang dia akan mendaftar beasiswa itu.

He told me that the deadline had been extended.

Dia memberitahuku bahwa tenggatnya sudah diperpanjang.

The officer asked me where I was staying.

Petugas itu menanyakan di mana aku menginap.

My mother asked if I had eaten.

Ibuku bertanya apakah aku sudah makan.

The lecturer told us not to use our phones.

Dosen menyuruh kami untuk tidak memakai ponsel.

They said they would come the next day.

Mereka bilang mereka akan datang keesokan harinya.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

He said me that he was tired.He told me that he was tired.Dengan objek orang, pakai told.

She asked me where did I live.She asked me where I lived.Susunan kalimat biasa, tanpa did.

He told me don't be late.He told me not to be late.Perintah negatif: told + not to.

She asked me that I was hungry.She asked me if I was hungry.Pertanyaan yes/no memakai if/whether.

Tips dari Kapi: Reported speech berguna untuk IELTS Writing Task 2 saat mengutip pendapat: Some people say that…, Experts have suggested that…

Kuis Bab 8: Reported speech

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apakah tense selalu harus mundur?

Tidak selalu. Jika verba pelaporannya present (She says…) atau informasinya masih benar, tense boleh tetap. Untuk ujian, backshift adalah pilihan yang paling aman.

Apa bedanya if dan whether?

Dalam reported question, keduanya sama. Whether sedikit lebih formal dan wajib dipakai sebelum or not di awal: She asked whether or not I was coming.

Bab 7: Passive voice Lanjut Bab 9: Relative clause

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