Grammar B2 · Bab 13 dari 14
Relative Clause Lanjutan: Preposisi + Which/Whom, Which untuk Seluruh Kalimat
Di B1 kamu belajar who, which, that, whose. Di B2, relative clause dipakai dengan struktur yang lebih formal dan padat, seperti dalam tulisan akademik.
Rumus
Preposisi di depan
preposisi + which / whom
The university to which I applied is in Leiden.
Quantifier
some / most / none / all of whom / which
I have two brothers, both of whom live abroad.
Merujuk kalimat
kalimat, which + …
She passed the exam, which surprised everyone.
Penjelasan
- Dalam bahasa formal, preposisi bisa dipindah ke depan: the company which I work for → the company for which I work. Setelah preposisi, pakai which (benda) atau whom (orang), tidak boleh that atau who.
- Quantifier + of whom/which: The students, many of whom were international, enjoyed the event.
- , which bisa merujuk ke seluruh kalimat sebelumnya: He didn't call me back, which was rude.
- Reduced relative clause: hilangkan who/which + be: The woman (who is) sitting there is my lecturer. The products (which are) made here are exported.
- whereby (formal) = dengan cara itu / yang melaluinya: a system whereby students can borrow laptops.
Tabel ringkas
| Informal | Formal |
|---|---|
| the person I spoke to | the person to whom I spoke |
| the house we lived in | the house in which we lived |
| the topic I'm interested in | the topic in which I am interested |
| the reason why | the reason for which |
Contoh kalimat
Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).
The professor with whom I discussed my proposal was very supportive.
Profesor yang aku ajak berdiskusi tentang proposalku sangat mendukung.
I applied to five universities, three of which accepted me.
Aku mendaftar ke lima universitas, tiga di antaranya menerimaku.
The bus was late again, which made me miss the exam.
Busnya terlambat lagi, yang membuatku ketinggalan ujian.
The participants, most of whom were students, completed a survey.
Para peserta, yang sebagian besar mahasiswa, mengisi survei.
The research focuses on the extent to which social media affects voting.
Penelitian ini berfokus pada sejauh mana media sosial memengaruhi pilihan politik.
Products imported from overseas are often more expensive.
Produk yang diimpor dari luar negeri sering lebih mahal.
Kesalahan yang sering terjadi
the person to who I spokethe person to whom I spokeSetelah preposisi, pakai whom.
the house in that we livedthe house in which we livedSetelah preposisi, tidak boleh that.
I have two sisters, both of them live in Bali.I have two sisters, both of whom live in Bali.Dalam satu kalimat, pakai of whom.
He won the award, that was amazing.He won the award, which was amazing.Merujuk seluruh kalimat: , which.
Tips dari Kapi: Frasa the extent to which… dan the degree to which… sangat berguna untuk menulis rumusan masalah penelitian.
Kuis Bab 13: Relative clause lanjutan
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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini
Apakah whom masih dipakai?
Dalam percakapan, jarang. Dalam tulisan formal, terutama setelah preposisi (to whom, with whom), masih sangat umum.
Apa bedanya , which dan , what?
Untuk merujuk ke kalimat sebelumnya, selalu pakai , which. What tidak bisa dipakai di posisi ini.
Belajar bareng teman se-cohort
Ada yang bikin bingung? Tanyakan di Main Lounge Bureau of Cohort. Di sana kamu bisa tanya jawab, latihan ngobrol, dan berbagi progres belajar.