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Grammar B2 · Bab 14 dari 14

Gerund dan Infinitive Lanjutan: Being Done, To Have Done, dan Pola Pasif

Gerund dan infinitive juga punya bentuk pasif dan perfect. Bentuk ini membuat kalimatmu lebih padat dan presisi, terutama dalam tulisan formal.

Kapi, maskot kapibara Cohort English
Suara:

Rumus

Pasif
being + V3 · to be + V3
I hate being interrupted. I want to be promoted.
Perfect
having + V3 · to have + V3
She denied having taken the money. He seems to have left.
Pola khusus
need + -ing · be worth + -ing
The car needs washing. The museum is worth visiting.

Penjelasan

  • Gerund pasif (being + V3): I don't like being told what to do.
  • Infinitive pasif (to be + V3): The report needs to be finished by Monday.
  • Perfect gerund (having + V3) untuk kejadian yang lebih dulu: He admitted having lied.
  • Perfect infinitive (to have + V3): I'm glad to have met you. She seems to have forgotten.
  • need + -ing bermakna pasif: The room needs cleaning = needs to be cleaned.
  • be worth + -ing, it's no use + -ing, there's no point (in) + -ing: It's no use crying. There's no point arguing.

Tabel ringkas

BentukAktifPasif
Gerunddoingbeing done
Perfect gerundhaving donehaving been done
Infinitiveto doto be done
Perfect infinitiveto have doneto have been done

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

Nobody likes being criticised in public.
Tidak ada yang suka dikritik di depan umum.
All applications must be submitted online.
Semua lamaran harus dikirim secara online.
She was proud of having won the competition.
Dia bangga telah memenangkan kompetisi itu.
He seems to have lost his way.
Dia tampaknya tersesat.
My laptop needs repairing.
Laptopku perlu diperbaiki.
The Toba Lake area is definitely worth visiting.
Kawasan Danau Toba sangat layak dikunjungi.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

I hate to interrupt. (maksud: diganggu)I hate being interrupted.Makna pasif: being + V3.
The museum is worth to visit.The museum is worth visiting.Worth + -ing.
He denied to steal the car.He denied stealing / having stolen the car.Deny + -ing.
She seems to forget. (sudah terjadi)She seems to have forgotten.Kejadian lebih dulu: perfect infinitive.

Tips dari Kapi: Untuk motivation letter: I am honoured to have been selected as… dan Having completed my bachelor's degree, I… terdengar profesional.

Kuis Bab 14: Gerund & infinitive lanjutan

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apa bedanya needs cleaning dan needs to be cleaned?

Artinya sama. Needs cleaning lebih umum dalam British English dan percakapan, needs to be cleaned lebih umum dalam American English dan tulisan.

Apakah perfect gerund wajib setelah deny dan admit?

Tidak wajib. He denied stealing dan He denied having stolen sama-sama benar. Bentuk perfect hanya menegaskan bahwa kejadiannya lebih dulu.

Bab 13: Relative clause lanjutanUjian latihan B2

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