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Grammar B1 · Bab 1 dari 16

Present Perfect Continuous: Have Been + Verb-ing

Tense ini menekankan lamanya sebuah kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung (atau baru saja berhenti dan hasilnya terlihat).

Kapi, maskot kapibara Cohort English
Suara:

Rumus

Positif
Subjek + have/has been + verb-ing
I've been studying for three hours.
Negatif
haven't/hasn't been + verb-ing
She hasn't been sleeping well.
Tanya
How long have you been + verb-ing?
How long have you been waiting?

Penjelasan

  • Kegiatan yang masih berlangsung: I've been learning English since 2023 (dan masih belajar).
  • Kegiatan yang baru berhenti dan hasilnya terlihat: You're sweating. Have you been running?
  • Penanda yang sering dipakai: for, since, all day, all morning, lately, recently, How long…?
  • Perfect continuous vs perfect: continuous menekankan prosesnya (I've been writing my thesis all week), perfect menekankan hasil/jumlah (I've written three chapters).
  • Kata kerja keadaan (know, like, have untuk kepemilikan, believe) tetap memakai present perfect biasa: I've known her for years, bukan I've been knowing.

Tabel ringkas

Present perfect (hasil)Present perfect continuous (proses)
I've read 50 pages.I've been reading all afternoon.
She has called me three times.She has been calling me all day.
We've painted the room.We've been painting the room. (cat masih basah)

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

I've been working on my scholarship essay all weekend.
Aku mengerjakan esai beasiswaku sepanjang akhir pekan.
How long have you been living in Jakarta?
Sudah berapa lama kamu tinggal di Jakarta?
It's been raining since this morning.
Hujan sejak tadi pagi.
She looks tired. She's been studying for the IELTS test.
Dia terlihat lelah. Dia sedang belajar untuk tes IELTS.
We haven't been getting enough sleep lately.
Akhir-akhir ini kami kurang tidur.
I've been waiting for you for 40 minutes!
Aku sudah menunggumu 40 menit!

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

I'm waiting here since 9 o'clock.I've been waiting here since 9 o'clock.Kegiatan dari masa lalu sampai sekarang memakai perfect continuous.
I've been knowing him for years.I've known him for years.Know adalah kata kerja keadaan.
She has been wrote three emails.She has written three emails.Untuk jumlah/hasil, pakai present perfect.
How long are you studying English?How long have you been studying English?Pertanyaan lamanya kegiatan memakai perfect continuous.

Tips dari Kapi: Di wawancara beasiswa, pola ini sangat berguna: I have been volunteering at a local NGO for two years. Kalimatnya menunjukkan komitmen yang terus berjalan.

Kuis Bab 1: Present perfect continuous

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Kapan memakai present perfect dan kapan present perfect continuous?

Jika fokusnya pada hasil, jumlah, atau sesuatu yang sudah selesai, pakai present perfect (I've written 3 pages). Jika fokusnya pada proses atau lamanya kegiatan, pakai continuous (I've been writing for 3 hours).

Apakah I've been living here for 5 years sama dengan I've lived here for 5 years?

Untuk kata kerja seperti live, work, study, teach, artinya hampir sama. Versi continuous terasa sedikit lebih sementara atau menekankan prosesnya.

← Daftar bab B1Lanjut Bab 2: Past perfect

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