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Grammar B1 · Bab 2 dari 16

Past Perfect Tense: Had + Verb 3 untuk Kejadian yang Lebih Dulu

Saat bercerita tentang masa lalu, past perfect menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum kejadian lampau lainnya. Ibaratnya “masa lalunya masa lalu”.

Kapi, maskot kapibara Cohort English
Suara:

Rumus

Positif
Subjek + had + verb 3
The film had started when we arrived.
Negatif
Subjek + hadn't + verb 3
I hadn't eaten all day.
Dengan by the time
By the time + simple past, past perfect
By the time I got there, she had left.

Penjelasan

  • had dipakai untuk semua subjek. Singkatannya I'd, she'd, they'd.
  • Bandingkan: When I arrived, the train left (kereta berangkat saat aku tiba) dan When I arrived, the train had left (kereta sudah berangkat sebelum aku tiba).
  • Kata yang sering muncul: by the time, before, after, already, just, never… before.
  • Jika urutannya sudah jelas dari before atau after, simple past juga boleh: I left after I finished / had finished my work.
  • Past perfect sangat penting untuk reported speech dan conditional tipe 3 di bab-bab berikutnya.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

When I got to the station, the train had already left.
Saat aku sampai di stasiun, keretanya sudah berangkat.
She had never travelled abroad before she got the scholarship.
Dia belum pernah ke luar negeri sebelum mendapat beasiswa.
By the time the lecturer arrived, we had finished the discussion.
Saat dosen datang, kami sudah selesai berdiskusi.
I was hungry because I hadn't eaten breakfast.
Aku lapar karena belum sarapan.
Had you met him before the interview?
Apakah kamu sudah pernah bertemu dia sebelum wawancara?
After they had checked in, they went to the beach.
Setelah check-in, mereka pergi ke pantai.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

When I arrived, she already left.When I arrived, she had already left.Kejadian yang lebih dulu memakai past perfect.
I had went there before.I had gone there before.Setelah had, pakai verb 3.
By the time we arrive, the show had started.By the time we arrived, the show had started.By the time + simple past di cerita lampau.
I have finished before you came.I had finished before you came.Dalam cerita lampau, pakai had, bukan have.

Tips dari Kapi: Gambar garis waktu kecil saat bingung: kejadian mana yang lebih dulu? Yang lebih dulu diberi had + verb 3.

Kuis Bab 2: Past perfect

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apakah past perfect wajib dipakai?

Tidak selalu. Jika urutannya sudah jelas dari kata before/after, simple past juga diterima. Past perfect wajib saat tanpa itu urutan kejadian jadi membingungkan.

Apa bedanya I'd untuk I had dan I would?

Lihat kata setelahnya. I'd gone (verb 3) = I had gone. I'd go (verb 1) = I would go.

Bab 1: Present perfect continuousLanjut Bab 3: Future continuous & perfect

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