Cohort Englishby Bureau of Cohort Gabung Komunitas
Grammar B1 · Bab 10 dari 16

Modal Deduksi: Must, Might, Can't, dan Must Have Done

Saat kita tidak tahu pasti tetapi punya bukti, kita membuat kesimpulan. Bahasa Inggris memakai modal untuk menunjukkan seberapa yakin kita.

Kapi, maskot kapibara Cohort English
Suara:

Rumus

Sekarang
must / might / could / can't + verb 1 (be)
She must be tired. He can't be serious.
Sedang berlangsung
must / might + be + verb-ing
They might be sleeping.
Masa lalu
must / might / can't + have + verb 3
He must have missed the bus.

Penjelasan

  • must = pasti (hampir 100% yakin, ada bukti kuat): The lights are off. They must be out.
  • might / may / could = mungkin (tidak yakin): She might be in the library.
  • can't = tidak mungkin (hampir 100% yakin tidak): That can't be Rina. She's in Japan. Lawan dari must di sini adalah can't, bukan mustn't.
  • Untuk masa lalu: must have, might have, could have, can't/couldn't have + verb 3.
  • Hati-hati: must untuk kewajiban (A2) dan must untuk kesimpulan (B1) bentuknya sama. Konteks yang menentukan artinya.

Tabel ringkas

KeyakinanSekarangMasa lalu
±100% yamust bemust have been
mungkinmight / may / could bemight / may / could have been
±100% tidakcan't / couldn't becan't / couldn't have been

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

You've been travelling all day. You must be exhausted.
Kamu sudah bepergian seharian. Kamu pasti capek sekali.
He's not answering. He might be in a meeting.
Dia tidak menjawab. Mungkin dia sedang rapat.
That can't be true! I saw her this morning.
Itu tidak mungkin benar! Aku melihatnya tadi pagi.
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
Tanahnya basah. Pasti semalam hujan.
She might have forgotten about the meeting.
Mungkin dia lupa soal rapat itu.
He can't have finished already. He only started ten minutes ago.
Tidak mungkin dia sudah selesai. Dia baru mulai sepuluh menit lalu.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

He mustn't be at home. The car is gone.He can't be at home. The car is gone.Kesimpulan negatif memakai can't.
She must went home.She must have gone home.Masa lalu: must have + verb 3.
They might be arrive late.They might arrive late.Setelah modal, verb 1 (atau be + -ing).
It must to be expensive.It must be expensive.Modal tanpa to.

Tips dari Kapi: Latih dengan tebakan: lihat foto orang asing di media sosial dan buat 3 kesimpulan: She must be a student. She might be on holiday. She can't be cold.

Kuis Bab 10: Modal deduksi

Benar 0/0Beruntun 0Rekor 0

Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apa bedanya might, may, dan could untuk kemungkinan?

Hampir sama. May sedikit lebih formal, might paling umum dalam percakapan, dan could sering dipakai untuk kemungkinan secara teori.

Kenapa bukan mustn't untuk “tidak mungkin”?

Mustn't berarti larangan (dilarang). Untuk kesimpulan negatif yang yakin, bahasa Inggris memakai can't.

Bab 9: Relative clauseLanjut Bab 11: Question tags

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